ABSTRACT
Objective: Male infertility is a scourge of the 21st century. Its management remains a real headache. The objective of this study is to describe the general profile of male infertility at the IRIFIV In Vitro Fertilization Center, Casablanca, Morocco. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of 295 patient files seen in consultation for conjugal infertility of the couple between 2017 and 2018. The parameters studied were clinical elements and paraclinical explorations. Results: The average age of the patients was 37.5 years. The average duration of evolution of infertility was 5.5 years. Infertility was primary in 70.9% of cases and secondary in 29.1% of cases. Clinically, varicocele was the most common abnormality in 65.9% of patients. The seminogram was disrupted in 72% of cases. The main disturbances were oligozoospermia in 40.20% of cases and asthenozoospermia in 37% of cases. Conclusion: The general profile of infertility is polymorphic. The causes of male infertility noted are multifactorial. Male infertility usually results in a quantitative and/or qualitative abnormality of the sperm. The improvement of the management of infertility must go through new ways of research including genetic and immunological for a good identification of usually hidden causes of infertility.
ABSTRACT
Biological research, including clinical trials, mainly uses animals as model organisms. Currently, animal experimentation remains controversial for several reasons, namely the implementation of animal protection and ethics panels, the high costs and the long duration of experiments. These constraints encourage researchers to use alternative methods in order to overcome these barriers. The ciliate Tetrahymena is a unicellular eukaryotic organism that has contributed significantly to the acquisition of knowledge in the field of fundamental biology. Characterised by a well-ordered structure and a short life cycle, the protozoan Tetrahymena is very commonly used in the laboratory due to the ease involved in handling it. Therefore, this organism has allowed researchers to elucidate a number of mechanisms in higher organisms including mammals. This bibliographic review describes the favourable biological characteristics of the protozoan Tetrahymena as well as various physiological and molecular studies that have been carried out on this organism. Studies have shown that Tetrahymena is one of the alternatives to animal experimentation and a major contributor to the development of biological and life sciences.